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Onondaga Nation People of the Hills

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Symbols

Polishing The Silver Covenant Chain: A Brief History of Some of the Symbols and Metaphors in Haudenosaunee Treaty Negotiations

October 4, 2010 by Onondaga Nation

HISTORY OF RELATIONS WITH OUR BROTHERS Dr. Robert Venables Prepared at the request of Chief Irving Powless, Jr. Updated July 11 & October 4, 2010; and February 26 & March 10, 2011 INTRODUCTION. PART 1 “Chain” is the key word in the phrase “Silver Covenant Chain” or “Covenant Chain.” “Chain” is an English translation of root words in Iroquoian languages for “arms … [Read more...] about Polishing The Silver Covenant Chain: A Brief History of Some of the Symbols and Metaphors in Haudenosaunee Treaty Negotiations

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